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[윤희영의 News English] 트럼프의 코로나 확진을 고소해하는 중국인들의 심리
윤희영 에디터 2020.10.06 03:00
트럼프 미대통령의 코로나19 양성 판정(positive diagnosis) 소식이 전해지자
중국 네티즌과 국영언론들(state media)은 고소하다는 반응을 보였다(react with a sense of schadenfreude).
중국에 부당하고 불합리한 압력(unfair and unreasonable pressure)을 가하다가
천벌을 받았다고(be punished by Heaven) 조롱하며(poke fun at him) 쾌재를 부르고 있다(yell for delight).
외신들은 이런 현상을 전하면서 ‘schadenfreude’라는 단어를 썼다.
독일어에서 차용된 단어로,
‘피해’를 뜻하는 schaden과 ‘즐거움’을 의미하는 freude가 합쳐진 합성어(compound word)다.
다른 사람의 불운(misfortune), 고통(suffering), 실패(failure), 굴욕(humiliation)에
쾌감과 희열을 느끼는 복합적 감정(complex emotion)을 말한다.
이런 감정은
공격성(aggression), 라이벌 의식(sense of rivalry), 공정성(justice)이라는
세가지 심리적 성향(psychological inclination)에서 만들어진다.
공격성에서 생겨난 schadenfreude는 주로 집단 정체성(group identity)에서 비롯된다.
다른 이들이 고통받는 모습을 보면서 자신이 속한 집단의 상대적 존재감을 확인하며 기쁨을 느낀다.
라이벌 의식에서 느껴지는 ‘고소함’은 개인주의적인 것으로,
대인관계 경쟁에서(in an interpersonal competition) 또래들보다 뛰어나 보이고 더 잘하려는 욕구에서 생겨난다
(arise from a desire to stand out from and out-perform one’s peers).
공정성과 연관된 schadenfreude는
부도덕하거나 나쁜 짓(immoral or bad behavior)을 한 사람이 벌 받는 것을 보며 느끼는 쾌감이다.
응징을 받아(receive retribution) 고통 겪는 모습을 즐기며
이전에 처벌받지 않았던 잘못(previously unpunished wrong)에 대한 공정성 복원 장면에서 고소함을 느낀다.
이 과정에서 자긍심(self-esteem)은
그런 감정의 빈도·강도(frequency and intensity)와 부정적 상관관계를 갖는다.
자긍심이 낮을수록 남이 잘못되는 것에 대한 ‘고소함’의 빈도와 강도는 높아진다.
자신의 위치나 신분에 위협을 가할(pose a threat to their status or identity) 수 있는
‘성공한 힘센 사람’이 무너지는 모습을 보며(see the successful mighty person fall) 안도감을 느낀다(feel relief).
반대로 자존감이 높은 사람은 그다지 신경쓰지 않는다.
상황이 어찌되든(regardless of circumstances)
자신의 지위 또는 안녕에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못한다는 자신감이 있어서다.
schadenfreude와 비슷한 뜻의 표현으로는
영화 제목으로도 유명한 ‘로마의 휴일(Roman holiday)’이 있다.
고대 로마에서 검투사(gladiator)들은
로마의 휴일을 들뜨게 하는 수단으로 도살을 당해야(be butchered) 했는데,
당시 관중들이 그 고통을 지켜보며
쾌락을 느꼈던(take pleasure in watching their sufferings) 데서 유래했다.
[영문 참고자료 사이트]
☞ https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/chinese-netizens-poke-fun-at-trumps-diagnosis
☞ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schadenfreude
☞ https://www.etymonline.com/word/schadenfreude
☞ https://www.thefactsite.com/schadenfreude-meaning/
윤희영 에디터
동시통역대학원(한국어·스페인어·영어)과 뉴욕특파원 출신으로
‘윤희영의 News English’를 통해 시사·영어·작문을
한 자리에서 ‘원 스톱’으로 섭취할 수 있는 ‘모둠 차림상’을 차려내고 있습니다.
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